From a classical perspective, the latter is formed by electrons oscillating around their. Among the many intriguing properties of graphene, its plasmonic characteristics are some of the most fascinating and potentially useful 1, 2. Optical nanoimaging of gatetuneable graphene plasmons. Graphene optoelectronics and plasmonics for infrared frequencies. By continuing to use this site you agree to our use of cookies. Generalized spectral method for nearfield optical microscopy. Wide angle dynamically tunable enhanced infrared absorption. Max planck institute of quantum optics and center for nanoscience, 85714 garching. Especially, hybrid alldielectric metasurfaces are used to make a whole singlesheet graphene forms two different conductivity patterns with the same gate voltage. In our work, we propose a highly tunable and angleinsensitive plasmon resonances based on graphene ringcircle arrays. Jan 15, 2016 among the many intriguing properties of graphene, its plasmonic characteristics are some of the most fascinating and potentially useful 1, 2. Tunable subwavelength photonic lattices and solitons in periodically patterned graphene monolayer changming huang, 1fangwei ye. Optical nanoimaging of gatetunable graphene plasmons by jianing chen, michela badioli, pablo alonsogonzalez, s. Zhipei sun,2 and xianfeng chen1 1 state key laboratory of advanced optical communication systems and networks.
Optical nano imaging of gatetunable graphene plasmons jianing chen 1,2, michela badioli 3, pablo alonsogonza. Pdf emergence of material momentum in optical media. Osa graphene metamaterials based tunable terahertz absorber. Jun 20, 2012 optical nanoimaging of gatetunable graphene plasmons optical nanoimaging of gatetunable graphene plasmons chen, jianing.
Tunable slow light effect based on dual plasmon induced. We exploit this strong optical field confinement to turn a graphene nanostructure into a tunable resonant plasmonic cavity with extremely small mode volume. Optical nano imaging of gate tuneable graphene plasmons jianing chen,5,1, michela badioli,2, pablo alonsogonzalez1. Tunable broadband plasmonic field enhancement on a graphene.
In this paper we present the efficient design of functional thinfilm metamaterial devices with the effective surface conductivity approach. Highly confined tunable midinfrared plasmonics in graphene. Graphene surface plasmons at the nearinfrared optical regime. Exploiting the uniquely strong and gatetunable optical transitions of graphene, we are able to significantly modulate both the resonance frequency and quality factor of gold nanorod plasmon. Optical nanoimaging of gatetunable graphene plasmons optical nanoimaging of gatetunable graphene plasmons chen, jianing. This was done by putting a layer of silica insulation material on the bottom layer of graphene ringcircle. Home research graphene infrared nanoimaging of graphene plasmons 2012 we performed infrared nanoimaging experiments of graphene on sio 2. Adaptive subwavelength control of nano optical fields. Graphenes optical properties in the infrared and terahertz can be tailored and enhanced by patterning graphene into periodic metamaterials with subwavelength feature sizes. Excitation of the plasmonic mode can be achieved by illuminating a normalincidence plane wave on the gratings due to guidedmode resonance. The interaction is shown to be governed by a series of resonances corresponding to surface polariton modes localized near the probe. When the plasmons were resonant at the graphene metal surface, a strong electric field would be induced which could enhance the generation of electronhole pairs in the graphene layer. Photocurrent in graphene harnessed by tunable intrinsic plasmons. Our analysis shows that the plasmongraphene coupling is remarkably strong.
Nature 2012623 optical nano imaging of gatetunable graphene plasmons. Infrared nanoimaging of graphene plasmons 2012 ucsd. The cavity resonance is controlled in situ by gating the graphene, and in particular, complete switching on and off of the plasmon modes is demonstrated, thus paving the way towards. Simulated results exhibit that the outstanding midinfrared bandstop filtering effect is. This file contains supplementary text and data, supplementary figures 114 and supplementary. Gatetunable midinfrared plasmonic planar bandstop filters. The mechanism of propagating graphene plasmons excitation using a nanograting and a fabryperot cavity as the optical coupling components is studied. Longlived, tunable intrinsic graphene surface plasmons sps have already been demonstrated in a number of experiments 39, including optical modulators 10, 11, providing the potential for applications 12. Optical nanoimaging of gatetuneable graphene plasmons jianing chen,5,1, michela badioli,2, pablo alonsogonzalez 1, suko thongrattanasiri,3, florian huth 1,6, johann osmond 2, marko spasenovic 2, alba centeno 7, amaia. Here we demonstrate electrical tunability and hybridization of plasmons in graphene nanodisks and nanorings down to 3.
In combination with static nanoimaging results on plasmon propagation, our. The electrons in graphene behave like massless diracfermions, which results in the extraordinary properties, e. To find out more, see our privacy and cookies policy. Graphene has emerged as an outstanding material for optoelectronic applications due to its high electronic mobility and unique doping capabilities. Tuning fano resonances with graphene purdue university. In this paper, the graphene ribbon bus waveguide sidecoupled a coplanar short graphene strip, constructed on a monolayer graphene with substrates by spatially varying external gates, is proposed and investigated numerically by using the finitedifference timedomain fdtd method. We observed for the first time graphene plasmon fringe pattern close to the edge of graphene, defects inside graphene, even the boudary between graphene and bilayer graphene fig. Optical nano imaging of gatetunable graphene plasmons by jianing chen, michela badioli, pablo alonsogonzalez, s.
Pdf optical nanoimaging of gatetunable graphene plasmons. Photocurrent in graphene harnessed by tunable intrinsic. Optical nanoimaging of gatetunable graphene plasmons nature. We activate plasmons with femtosecond optical pulses in a specimen of graphene that otherwise lacks infrared plasmonic response at equilibrium. Optical nano imaging of gatetunable graphene plasmons. Innovative electromagnetic optical nanoantennas na functioning at. Gated tunability and hybridization of localized plasmons in. The plasmon dispersion, which follows usually the typical. Exploiting the uniquely strong and gatetunable optical transitions of graphene, the authors are able to significantly modulate both the resonance frequency and quality factor of au nanorod plasmon.
Optical nano imaging of gate tuneable graphene plasmons. As an example, we demonstrate a graphene based perfect absorber. This dissertation presents infrared nanospectroscopy and nanoimaging studies of graphene plasmons using scattering type scanning nearfield microscope a unique technique allowing efficient excitation and highresolution imaging of graphene plasmons. Graphene optoelectronics and plasmonics for infrared. Flexible and electrically tunable plasmons in graphenemica. Electrical tuning of surface plasmon polariton propagation in. Osa mechanism of propagating graphene plasmons excitation. Gain modulation by graphene plasmons in aperiodic lattice. Lavrinenko dtu fotonik, technical university of denmark, oersteds pl. Gatetuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nanoimaging. Here we demonstrate polarizationsensitive and gatetunable photodetection in. However, to date, it is challenging to generate, detect, and control onchip graphene plasmons alloptically, a key step towards planar integration and nextgeneration highdensity optoelectronics. It can be seen that this structure is composed of many periodic patterned graphene ribbons, and four graphene microchips with a same width and different length are placed on the both sides of each unit cell of main graphene band, as shown in fig. Optical nanoimaging of gatetuneable graphene plasmons core.
Adaptive subwavelength control of nanooptical fields. Electrically defined topological interface states of graphene. Optical nanoimaging of gatetunable graphene plasmons article pdf available in nature 4877405. Recently, graphene has also been shown to accommodate surface plasmons, observed via near field infrared optical microscopy techniques and infrared spectroscopy.
Plasmons driven by single electrons in graphene nanoislands. Gatetuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nano. Exploiting the uniquely strong and gate tunable optical transitions of graphene, the authors are able to significantly modulate both the resonance frequency and quality factor of au nanorod plasmon. We investigate optical field enhancement for a wide midinfrared range, originating from the excitation of graphene plasmons, by introducing a graded dielectric grating of varying period underneath a graphene monolayer. The resonance parameters depend on the dielectric function and geometry of the probe as well as on the. Ultrafast optical switching of infrared plasmon polaritons in. Here we launch and detect propagating optical plasmons in tapered graphene nanostructures using nearfield scattering microscopy with infrared excitation light. When the plasmons were resonant at the graphenemetal surface, a strong electric field would be induced which could enhance the generation of electronhole pairs in the graphene layer. Infrared nanospectroscopy and nanoimaging of graphene. Tunable terahertz filters based on graphene plasmonic all. Optical nanoimaging of gatetunable graphene plasmons.
Potential applications of graphene plasmonics mainly addressed the terahertz to midinfrared frequencies, such as optical modulators, photodetectors, biosensors. Tunable bandstop filters for graphene plasmons based on. Graphene metamaterials based tunable terahertz absorber. Optical nanoimaging of gatetuneable graphene plasmons csic. Optical nano imaging of gatetunable graphene plasmons article pdf available in nature 4877405. A highly tunable and angleinsensitive plasmon resonances. Optical nanoimaging of gatetunable graphene plasmons core. It is demonstrated that the system could be well described within the temporal coupled mode theory using two phenomenological parameters, namely, the intrinsic loss rate and the coupling rate of a graphene plasmonic mode, and their analytical. Although evidence of optical graphene plasmon resonances has recently been obtained spectroscopically7,8, no experiments so far have directly. It is demonstrated that the system could be well described within the temporal coupled mode theory using two phenomenological parameters, namely, the intrinsic loss rate and the coupling rate of a graphene plasmonic. Propagating optical plasmons collective electron excitations coupled to photons are launched in graphene and studied with nearfield optical microscopy, revealing ultrastrong optical. Abstract plasmons produce large confinement and enhancement of. The incident photon is most sensitive to carrier concentration in graphene when its energy is around 2e f. Graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials.
Simulated results exhibit that the outstanding midinfrared bandstop filtering effect is realized based on the. By incorporating a highk al 2 o 3 layer as the gate. Here, we experimentally demonstrate flexible and electrically tunable plasmonic devices with graphenemica heterostructures. After formulating the requirements to the perfect absorber in terms of surface conductivity we investigate the properties of graphene wire medium and graphene fishnet. Abstract plasmons produce large confinement and enhancement of light that. J chen, m badioli, p alonsogonzalez, s thongrattanasiri, f huth. Highly confined tunable midinfrared plasmonics in graphene nanoresonators. Electromagnetic interaction between a subwavelength particle the probe and a material surface the sample is studied theoretically.
With this technique, we show in real space that common graphenesio. Jul 15, 2015 in this paper, the graphene ribbon bus waveguide sidecoupled a coplanar short graphene strip, constructed on a monolayer graphene with substrates by spatially varying external gates, is proposed and investigated numerically by using the finitedifference timedomain fdtd method. Broadband gatetunable thz plasmons in graphene heterostructures. Surface plasmon resonance and gate tuning of graphene conductivity.
Long range surface plasmons in a symmetric graphene system. The mica thin sheet acts as a highly flexible and transparent substrate with atomically flat surface for graphene. Here we demonstrate polarizationsensitive and gatetunable photodetection in graphene nanoribbon arrays. The schematic illustration of this dual pit planar graphene ribbon structure is shown in fig. Electrical control of optical plasmon resonance with graphene. We provide realspace images of plasmon fields, and find that the extracted plasmon wavelength is very shortmore than 40 times smaller than the wavelength of illumination. Propagating optical plasmons collective electron excitations coupled to photons are launched in graphene and studied with near.
Jun 20, 2012 optical nanoimaging of gatetunable graphene plasmons. A tunable terahertz filter based on graphene plasmonic alldielectric metasurfaces is proposed and investigated numerically by using the finitedifference timedomain fdtd method. Plasmons are directly launched in graphene, and their key parameters propagation and attenuation are studied with nearfield infrared nano imaging. After formulating the requirements to the perfect absorber in terms of surface conductivity we investigate the properties of graphene wire medium and graphene fishnet metamaterials and. Optical nano imaging of gate tunable graphene plasmons. Concurrently thz generation has recently been revisited by a number of. Tunable subwavelength photonic lattices and solitons in. We exploit this strong optical field confinement to turn a graphene nanostructure into a tunable resonant plasmonic cavity with extremely small. Graphene plasmonics is an emergent research field, that is attracting plenty of interest and has already resulted in a textbook. Pdf optical nanoimaging of gatetuneable graphene plasmons. Home research graphene infrared nanoimaging of graphene plasmons 2012 we performed infrared nano imaging experiments of graphene on sio 2.
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